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Charles Fey (born August Fey in Vöhringen, Bavaria) (September 9, 1862 [1] – November 10, 1944) was a San Franciscomechanic best known for inventing the slot machine.
Career and Invention[edit]
As a young man, Charles Fey worked in France and London before emigrating at age twenty-three to New Jersey, where his uncle lived.[2]
Charles traveled all over the USA and settled in San Francisco, California where he started working at the Western Electric Works company in 1885.[3] Later he started his own company together with Theodore Holtz and Gustav Friedrich Wilhelm Schultze: this company worked with electrical equipment and telephones.
In the 1880s, slot machines required an attendant to make a payout, usually tickets or tokens. Gustav Friedrich Wilhelm Schultze's 'Horseshoe Slot Machine' of 1893 was the first machine to include an automatic payout mechanism.[2] In 1895, Fey invented a modified version of the Horseshoe that paid out coins; this machine became incredibly popular.
Fey opened a slot machine workshop in 1896[4] or 1897.[2]
In 1898, he designed the 'Liberty Bell Slot Machine,' the most famous slot machine of its day. When three bells aligned, it paid fifty cents. Fey installed and managed his machines in saloons throughout San Francisco. Because gambling was illegal in California, Fey could not patent his device, leading to many competitors.[2]
Personal life[edit]
In San Francisco, Fey met Marie Christine Volkmar (1866-1942), but their courtship was interrupted by illness. In the early 1880s, Fey had been diagnosed with tuberculosis; in accordance with scientific knowledge at the time, he moved to a warmer climate (Mexico) for a few years, before returning to San Francisco for a series of creosote treatments, which were successful. He married Marie in 1889. The couple would have three daughters and one son.[2]
During this time, Fey changed his name from August to Charles, supposedly because he did not like the nickname 'Gus.'[2]
References[edit]
- ^'California Death Index'. Archived from the original on 2008-01-18. Retrieved 2008-02-11.
- ^ abcdefWohlers, Tony and Eric Schmaltz. 'Charles August Fey.' In Immigrant Entrepreneurship: German-American Business Biographies, 1720 to the Present, vol. 3, edited by Giles R. Hoyt. German Historical Institute. Last modified March 25, 2014.
- ^Charles Fey History and BiographyArchived June 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^Charles Fey at SlotsMachinesHistory.com
External links[edit]
- Charles Fey at Find a Grave
Western Fair | |
---|---|
Genre | fall fair/Agricultural show |
Dates | early September |
Location(s) | London, Ontario |
Years active | 152 years |
Founded | 1868 |
Website | http://www.westernfairdistrict.com/the_fair |
The Western Fair is a fair held annually in London, Ontario, Canada in early September.
History[edit]
The first Western Fair was held in September 1868 in downtown London, northeast of the current location of Victoria Park. Organizers had hoped to use the Crystal Palace Barracks as the main exhibition area. Livestock shows took place on the parade grounds outside the Crystal Palace.
In 1887, when the fair gained legal status through the Provincial Charter and Act of Incorporation, it moved to 900 King Street in east London, where the fairgrounds remain today. The present fairgrounds were purchased for $65,000. Except for an eight-year period between 1939 and 1947 when the Canadian Department of National Defence occupied the grounds, the Western Fair has operated on the new site.
John Huse Saunders was President of the Western Fair Association (WFA) for 22 years.[when?] He devoted more than 50 years to the Western Fair and was known throughout North America as a poultry breeder. After receiving Honorary Presidential status the WFA changed the by-laws and limited the term to three years.
In 2011, the former Western Fair Association re-branded itself as the Western Fair District, to better represent the reality that the grounds and building facilities had expanded beyond a 9-day fair to year-round activities.[1]
With 2020's cancellation on grounds of COVID-19 pandemic, the 145th was deferred to 2021.
The fair[edit]
The Western Fair runs during the second full week of September, starting on Friday and ending on Sunday.
The original basis for the Western Fair was agricultural displays, arts and crafts, and vendors, with a heavy emphasis on competition. Later additions included the midway and booked entertainment acts. A seasonal harness racetrack was opened in 1961, with simulcast betting added later.[2] The racetrack was later separated from the fair proper.
The only 24-hour food vendor at the Western Fair, St. Anne's Church, served meals at the Western Fair from 1947 until 2015, with the proceeds going to local charities and to fund church activities. In 2016, St. Anne's Church did not renew its contract after new regulations restricted its operations to fair open hours only, which would have forced it to operate at a loss.[3]
Facilities[edit]
The Western Fairgrounds are open 12 months a year. In addition to the fair itself, the fairgrounds are also home to the Western Fair Raceway, the OLG casino slot machines, an agricultural complex, and several large buildings which are frequently rented out for events. It also used to be home to the former Western Fair Museum and Archives and the former IMAX theater, both of which closed in 2005. The IMAX theatre was taken over by London Musical Theatre Productions in 2007.[4]
Raceway and slot machines[edit]
London's primary standardbredhorse racing facility is the Western Fair Raceway. A slot machine facility on the site was opened to the public on September 28, 1999, as authorised by the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation. As of April 2008, the facility contained 750 slot machines and has seen 9.4 million people, supported by a $15 million staff budget.[5][6]
Museum and archives[edit]
The Western Fair Museum and Archives began with the efforts of Inge Sanmyia, who was working on her PhD in history at Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Ontario in 1997. Her three-month summer research project soon became the foundations for the Western Fair Museum and Archives. Since 1997 she has designed historical displays for the Fair and written its history: A Celebration of Excellence: The history of the Western Fair. During its existence, the WFA Museum and Archives accumulated material from the Western Fair, members of the public and historians, and catalogued the Western Fair Archives list of photographs. Through the acquisition of these materials, the museum put on regular short and long-term displays as well as distinct displays during each fall fair. For example:
- Transportation and the Fair 1999
- The Great War 2001
- Ann May (Dingwall) Queen of the Cowgirls 2002
- Tings to Remember 2003
- London Firefighters 2004
Slot Machine Museum London England
In its efforts to record and catalogue the material it had acquired, an extensive systems of records and labelling was set up and a Finding Aid was designed and installed in the in-house computer system for easy access. The Museum was affiliated with: Canadian Museums Association, Canadian Heritage Information Network, and Virtual Museum of Canada.
Examples of Headings
- WFA = Western Fair Association
- WF = Western Fair
- HS = Horse Show
- LSC = Livestock Catalogue
- FS = Farm Show
- SPF = Sports Fair
- ND = No Date
- PL = Prize Lists
Examples of Series codes by Box
- 1 WFA 1000A
- 6 HS 7000
- 7 LSC 7000
Examples of Archival Box Contents
- Box No. 3 WFA 1000C
- City presentation 1970 Fair expansion
- Government of Canada (ND) Exhibition survey
- Comparison of State Fairs 1969 US & Canada
- Midway games proposal (ND)
- Central Canada Exhibition Association(CCEA) 1972 Survey
- International Association of Fairs & Expositions 1985 Directory
- Report of Western Fair Research
IMAX theatre[edit]
An IMAX film theatre was situated at the Western Fair site for nine years, closing on September 30, 2005, due to low attendance (an average of only 100,000 patrons per year). After the IMAX equipment was removed, the theatre was leased and renovated by Dale Henderson, a retired engineer and former leader of the Stardust Orchestra, who opened the London City Music Theatre in October 2007.
See also[edit]
Slot Museum Slots Youtube
Other Canadian annual and/or agricultural fairs
- Canadian National Exhibition – Toronto
- Calgary Stampede – Calgary
- Edmonton K-Days – Edmonton
- Pacific National Exhibition – Vancouver
- Central Canada Exhibition – Ottawa
- Canadian Lakehead Exhibition – Thunder Bay
- Markham Fair – Markham, Ontario
- Red River Exhibition – Winnipeg
- Royal Agricultural Winter Fair – Toronto
- Royal Manitoba Winter Fair – Brandon, Manitoba
- Schomberg Fair – Schomberg, Ontario
- Sooke Fall Fair – Sooke, British Columbia
- Streetsville Bread and Honey Festival – Mississauga
Footnotes[edit]
- ^https://web.archive.org/web/20160409104521/http://www.westernfairdistrict.com/about-us/who-we-are/our-history. Archived from the original on April 9, 2016. Retrieved September 16, 2016.Missing or empty
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(help) - ^http://www.westernfairdistrict.com/raceway
- ^https://lfpress.com/2016/09/13/western-fairs-seven-decade-food-vendor-st-annes-cant-swallow-loss-from-new-contract-packs-up-its-tent
- ^http://mtplondon.ca
- ^'Western Fair Raceway at OLG Slots'. Archived from the original on March 16, 2008. Retrieved July 12, 2008.
- ^'Betting on success'. London Free Press. April 18, 2008. Retrieved July 12, 2008.[dead link]
References[edit]
The Slot Museum
- Sanmiya, Inge Vibeke (2000). A celebration of excellence: The history of the Western Fair. WFA. ISBN0-9687675-0-8.
- Sanmiya, Inge Vibeke (2002). A spirit of enterprise: The Western Fair Association, London, Ontario: 1867-1947 (PhD thesis). Wilfrid Laurier University.External link in
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Slot Car Museum
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Western Fair. |
Slot Machine Museum London Exhibitions
- Link to a Virtual Tour of the Western Fair[permanent dead link]
Coordinates: 42°59′20″N81°13′09″W / 42.9889°N 81.2191°W